JOURNAL OF PHARMACY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

REVIEW JURNAL: BEBERAPA SEDIAAN TABLET YANG TELAH DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN METODE YANG DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KELARUTAN

Aulia Permata Sari — 2024-07-25

Nowadays there are many pharmaceutical preparations, one of which is tablet preparation. Tablets are solid preparations containing medicinal ingredients with or without fillers. Modified preparation means that the pharmaceutical formulation has been changed from the standard or original formulation. Modification can be done for several purposes, such as increasing solubility, increasing bioavailability, regulating drug release, increasing stability, or improving other formulation properties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective on the methods used to improve drug solubility, dissolution rate, and stability of active substances. The writing of this review article uses the research journal literature study method. The primary sources used have been published online through Google scholar by entering the keywords modified active substance, solid dispersion, tablet making methods that increase solubility, tablet dissolution. In this review, it was found that there are techniques that can be done such as co-amorphous, co-crystalline, nanoemulsifying, micronization, precipitation, melting, addition of crushing agents and factorial methods of adding binders to be the choice of scientists in developing pharmaceutical preparations with active ingredients that have poor BCS values.

PENGARUH TERAPI ANTIKOAGULAN TERHADAP FAKTOR PEMBEKUAN DARAH PADA PASIEN DENGAN FIBRILASI ATRIAL

Maulida Aisshella Nurhayati — 2024-07-25

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and can increase the risk of ischemic stroke due to the formation of blood clots. Anticoagulant therapy plays an important role in preventing thromboembolic complications in patients with AF. This study aims to systematically review the effects of anticoagulant therapy on blood coagulation factors in AF patients. The literature review was conducted by searching and analyzing scientific publications available in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The keywords used included “atrial fibrillation,” “anticoagulant,” “blood coagulation factors,” and other related terms. The selected studies comprised observational research and clinical trials that evaluated the effects of anticoagulant therapy on blood coagulation factors in AF patients. After screening, 25 studies were included for analysis. Most studies indicated that warfarin therapy significantly inhibited the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway, as indicated by an increase in the international normalized ratio (INR) and a decrease in prothrombin activity. In contrast, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran did not show significant effects on the measured coagulation factors. Therefore, regular monitoring of coagulation parameters, particularly INR, in patients receiving warfarin therapy is essential to ensure therapeutic effectiveness and safety.

OPTIMASI SEDIAAN NANOEMULGEL KOMBINASI TITANIUM DIOXIDE, ZINK OXIDE DAN NIACINAMIDE SEBAGAI SUN PROTECTION FACTOR PADA FORMULASI SUNSCREEN

Widya Rahmadani — 2024-07-25

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can lead to various skin disorders, including premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer, making the use of sunscreen an essential step in skin protection. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are physical sunscreen agents that work by reflecting and absorbing UV rays, while niacinamide serves as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, and skin barrier enhancer. The combination of these three ingredients in a nanoemulgel formulation has the potential to enhance UV protection efficacy while improving formulation characteristics. The optimization of nanoemulgel focuses on improving physical stability, SPF efficacy, and user comfort, which are influenced by particle size, surfactant selection, and homogenization methods. Nano-sized particles (<200 nm) of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide allow for more uniform skin coverage and reduce the white cast effect, while the nanoemulgel delivery system increases the bioavailability of active ingredients and prolongs UV protection duration. Studies have shown that combining titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and niacinamide in a nanoemulgel significantly increases SPF compared to conventional formulations while providing additional benefits such as anti-inflammatory effects and improved formulation stability. The appropriate selection of oil and surfactant components also determines the viscosity, physical stability, and spreadability of the formulation. Therefore, nanoemulgel-based formulations represent an innovative approach to developing sunscreens that are more effective, stable, and user-friendly. Further studies through in vivo and clinical testing are necessary to ensure long-term safety and efficacy.

IDENTIFIKASI FITOKIMIA DAUN GANDARUSA (JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA L.) ASAL KABUPATEN PANGKEP

Ildayani Ildayani — 2024-07-25

Gandarusa leaves (Justicia gendarussa L.) are recognized as medicinal plants rich in various active phytochemicals. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation with a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. Fractionation was performed using liquid-liquid partitioning with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to separate compounds based on polarity. The results revealed the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest yield at 20.8%, followed by the n-hexane fraction at 20%. Phytochemical identification using thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis showed the total flavonoid content reached 0.741 mg/L based on the quercetin standard curve. These findings highlight the potential of gandarusa leaves as a promising source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical development.

STABILITAS MEMBRAN SEL ERITROSIT EKSTRAK, FRAKSI KLOROFORM, ETIL ASETAT DAN METANOL HERBA PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia Tirucalli L.)

Irma Fika — 2024-07-25

Euphorbia tirucalli L. (patah tulang) contains secondary metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to identify its bioactive compounds and evaluate erythrocyte membrane stabilization of the extract and fractions. Extraction was performed by maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by fractionation using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while erythrocyte membrane stabilization was tested in vitro. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. The phenolic content was 432.1 ± 99.4 mg/g in the extract, 1,057 ± 88.02 mg/g in the chloroform fraction, 254.4 ± 48.84 mg/g in the ethyl acetate fraction, and 643.2 ± 267.3 mg/g in the methanol fraction. The highest flavonoid content was found in the chloroform fraction (4.26 ± 0.12 mg/g), followed by the extract (3.63 ± 0.35 mg/g), ethyl acetate (3.56 ± 0.36 mg/g), and methanol (2.6 ± 0.03 mg/g). Membrane stabilization assays showed the extract provided the strongest protection (95.04%), followed by chloroform (89.51%), ethyl acetate (87.71%), and methanol (87.52%), approaching the positive control diclofenac sodium (90.59%). Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests indicated the ethanol extract at 100 μg/mL (p=0.997 >0.001) and chloroform fraction at 500 μg/mL (p=0.023 >0.001) were not significantly different from the control, while ethyl acetate and methanol fractions differed significantly (p<0.001). These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction possess the highest anti-inflammatory potential, supported by high phenolic and flavonoid levels and consistent statistical analysis.